What You Always Wanted to Know About VITAMINS
Copyright-T&K..Kapela

These Statements and information have not been evaluated by the Food and drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat cure or prevent any disease. Please see product label for directions and precautions.

          

VITAMIN A
BETA-CAROTENE

VITAMIN A - Retinol (found in foods of animal origin)
BETA-CAROTENE - Provitamin A (provided by foods of both plant and animal origin) found not to have the same toxicity level of Vitamin A (retinol).
A fat soluble vitamin - requires fats as well as minerals to be properly absorbed by your digestive tract. Can be stored by the body and need not be replenished every day. Synergistic with Niacin, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Pantothenic Acid, Zinc Benefits Slows aging process. Counteracts night blindness. Promotes growth, strong bones, healthy skin and hair Aids in proper function of the immune system. Helps build resistance to respiratory infections.

Deficiency - may cause Night blindness, conjunctivitis, xerophthalmia, corneal ulcers, infertility, birth detects, depressed immune system, bone disease, poor growth children, acne, dermatitis, hyperkeratosis ("goose flesh"), itching, loss of sense of taste, and an increased risk of cancer.
Causes of Depletion - Contraceptives, cortisone, prednisone, alcohol, estrogen, mineral oil, most drugs, coffee, air pollutants, interior lighting, nitrates.
US RDA Daily Values 5,000 International Units (1.U.)
Best Food Sources - Milk, butter, eggs, liver, leafy green and yellow vegetables

VITAMIN B1
Thiamine

Water soluble, excess is excreted and not stored in the body. Must be replaced daily. Increases needed during illness, surgery and stress. Synergistic with B-Complex, B-12, Vitamin C
Benefits - Promotes growth. Improves your mental attitude, Aids in digestion, especially of carbohydrates. Keeps nervous system, muscles, and heart functioning normally. Helps fight air or seasickness. Relieves dental postoperative pain. Deficiency - may cause Congestive heart failure, memory loss, anxiety, depression, lethargy, muscle cramps, paralysis, emotional instability, loss of appetite, in extreme cases beriberi (mostly in alcoholics).
Causes of Depletion - Negative emotions, alcohol, cooking heat, caffeine, excess sugar, tobacco, raw fish and shell fish, muscle relaxants, sulfa drugs, stress.
US RDA Daily Values 1.5 milligrams (mg)
Best food sources - Cereals, fish, lean meat, liver, poultry, milk, pork

Additional Info:: The body goes through an amazingly complex series of reactions to turn the food an individual eats into energy. All of the B vitamins are involved in each of these steps, but thiamin is of particular interest. Thiamin plays a critical role in the conversion of blood sugar, glucose, into biological energy. One step in the process needs an enzyme called thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) to work. Without thiamin, the body cannot make various enzymes essential for energy production and the whole process comes to a halt.

Thiamin is also required for proper brain and nervous system functioning. Thiamin is connected with the brain’s ability to use glucose as an energy source and to maintain normal mental functioning. It is also needed to produce and use the vital neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Thiamin is also involved in key metabolic reactions in nervous tissue, the heart, the formation of red blood cells, and the maintenance of smooth and skeletal muscle. Thiamin helps keep your heart muscles elastic and working smoothly, which helps your heart pump strongly and evenly. In fact, thiamin is so essential for our bodies that lack of thiamin in intravenous nutrition formulations can lead to life-threatening situations.

Some Uses - Eniva B COMPLEX VITAMIN
PROVIDES A CALMING EFFECT, TAKE AS DIRECTED
MODULATES EMOTION S(ESPECIALLY IN WOMEN)
AIDS IN REDUCTION OF PANIC ATTACK SYMPTOMS.
HELPS CONTROL BLOOD PRESSURE AND CHOLESTEROL.
HELPS WITH CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME


LUTEIN

A caretonoid and antioxidant. It is yellow m color, which can help to filter out blue light that is damaging to the eye. It is present in the part of the eye that is affected by macular degeneration and may help reduce the risk of this disease. It is also present in the lens of the eye and may help reduce the risk of cataract formation.


VITAMIN B2
(Riboflavin)

Water soluble Must be replaced daily. Is easily absorbed, and is not destroyed by heat or oxidation. Synergistic with Vitamin A, Niacin, B-Complex, B-1
Benefits - Helps eliminate sore mouth, lips and tongue, benefits vision alleviates eye fatigue. Functions with other substances to metabolize carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
Deficiency - may cause Cracks and sores around mouth and nose, problems with vision, light sensitivity, difficulty swallowing.
Causes of Depletion - Alcohol, birth control pills, coffee. radiation, tobacco, ultraviolet light, drugs, estrogen and sugar.
US RDA - Daily Values 1.7 milligrams (mg)
Best food sources - Cereals, yeast, milk, eggs, leafy green vegetables

Additional Info:: Riboflavin is essential for proper body functioning, especially as it relates to energy production. It provides energy at the most basic level: inside the body’s cells. Riboflavin is needed to make two enzymes that are absolutely critical for releasing energy from the fats, carbohydrates, and proteins consumed.
Riboflavin and its derivatives are also involved in cell growth and reproduction. It helps the body make new red blood cells, which are necessary for carrying oxygen so people can breathe. It also helps the immune system by keeping healthy mucous membranes that line your digestive and respiratory systems.
Riboflavin is involved with an enzyme called glutathione reductase, which helps the body maintain a major protector against free radicals. Because of this, emerging evidence indicates that riboflavin can act as an antioxidant in the body, potentially helping the immune system and promoting healthy cholesterol by helping to quench free radicals in the body. Riboflavin assists in a number of vital chemical processes in the body. For example, folate and vitamin B6 require riboflavin to undergo the chemical changes that make them useful. Amino acids are also transformed by riboflavin and its derivatives into what are called neurotransmitters, chemicals essential for memory and thinking.


NIACIN
(Niacin amide - B3)

Water soluble. Body can manufacture niacin from tryptophan, if it is not deficient in B1, B2, B6. Synergistic with- B-Complex Vitamins, B-1, B-2, B-6, tryptophan
Benefits - Essential for synthesis of sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone, testosterone) as well as cortisone, throxine, and insulin. Aids in promoting a healthy digestive system. Increases energy through proper utilization of food, Can ease some attacks of diarrhea. Helps prevent and ease severity of migraine headaches. Increases circulation and can reduce high blood pressure. Reduces cholesterol and triglycerides. Necessary for healthy nervous system and brain functions.
Deficiency - may cause Diarrhea, mouth sores, pellagra (a skin disease). Niacin may cause flushing and niacin amide will not. Weakness, memory loss, irritability, insomnia. Causes of Depletion - Caffeine, antibiotics, alcohol, sleeping pills, estrogen, sugar, sulfa drugs, stress
US RDA - Daily Values 20 milligrams (mg)
Best food sources - Cereals, yeast, lean meat, liver, eggs

Additional Info:: More than 50 body processes, from releasing energy from food to making hormones and detoxifying chemicals, all depend on niacin. As with many of the other B vitamins, niacin is also involved in energy production and a whole host of other chemical reactions through its derivatives. The normal physiologic role of niacin is as a component of enzymes that are involved in the oxidation-reduction reactions needed for respiration in tissues.
Nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) is rapidly becoming one of the substances of choice for promoting healthy levels of cholesterol. Vitamin B3 has been conclusively found to promote a healthy balance of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (unhealthy cholesterol) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (healthy cholesterol). Niacin may also promote the health of airway systems and joints in the body. This is most likely because of niacin’s ability to help prevent histamine release, a biochemical normally released in the body during allergic reactions. Due to this fact, niacin has also been suggested by some studies to promote normal range of motion and promote joint health. Another novel use of niacin has been to counter occasional sleeplessness. It has proven to be a sleep enhancer. The nutrient activates certain receptors in the brain that affect sleep.


PANTOTHENIC ACID
(Panthenol B5)

Water soluble. a member of the B-complex family. Synergistic with- Folic Acid, Biotin, B-Complex Vitamins
Benefits - Essential for conversion of fat and sugar to energy. Fights infection by building antibodies. Helps with treatment of postoperative shock. Vital for proper functioning of adrenal glands, Can reduce adverse and toxic effects of many antibiotics.
Deficiency - may cause Hypoglycemia, duodenal ulcers, blood and skin disorders, weakness, depression, decreased resistance to infection.
Causes of Depletion - Insecticidal fumigants, alcohol, coffee, cooking heat, sulfa drugs, estrogen, stress and sleeping pills.
US RDA - Daily Values 10 milligrams.(mg)
Best food sources - Most plant and animal foods

Additional Info:: Traditionally, pantothenic acid has been overlooked since usually an ample supply is found in a well-balanced diet. However, recent findings have suggested supplementation with this vitamin to be very beneficial, especially when taken in conjunction with the other B vitamins. It is important to keep in mind that all the B vitamins work best when taken together. In combination, they create a synergism for maximum benefit to the body. They are much more powerful when taken together than when alone. The key to vitamin B5 is timing its intake into the body with the other B vitamins, which is difficult to do in a regular diet.
Pantothenic acid is a component of the vitamin B-complex that plays a number of vital metabolic roles in the body. Included in these functions are aiding in the production of energy and also adrenal gland hormones. Because of its relationship to these activities, it has become increasingly popular in regard to energy and athletic performance. Pantothenic acid may also promote joint and skin health. Further, it may also play a role in the normal functioning of the immune system. There have been findings of reduced immunity to certain infectious agents when a vitamin B5 deficiency occurs.


VITAMIN B6
(Pyridoxine)

Water soluble - excess is excreted and not stored in the body - Must be replaced daily. Synergistic with- Vitamin C, Biotin, Pantothenic Acid, Niacin
Benefits - Helps properly assimilate protein and fat. Aids in conversion of tryptophan to niacin. Helps prevent various nervous and skin disorders. Promote proper synthesis of anti-aging nucleic acids. Helps alleviate nausea, Reduces muscle and leg cramps, band numbness and certain forms of neuritis in the extremities. Works as a natural diuretic. Helps healthy red blood cells, gums, teeth and blood vessels.
Deficiency - may cause depression, mental confusion, inflammation of mucous membranes of mouth, patches of itchy scaling skin, convulsions in infants, anemia. Causes of Depletion - Alcohol, oral contraceptives. estrogen. most drugs, and stress. US RDA - Daily Values 2.0 milligrams (mg)
Best food sources - Cereals, wheat germ, yeast, meat, bananas


VITAMIN B-12
(Cyanocobalamin)

Water soluble. Must be replaced daily. Effective in very small doses Not well assimilated through the stomach. Calcium helps to achieve proper benefits. Synergistic with- Folic acid, Vitamin A, B-1, B-6, Niacin, Biotin, Pantothenic acid
Benefits - Regenerates red blood cells, thereby preventing anemia. Promotes growth and increases appetite in children. Increases energy. Helps maintain a healthy nervous system. Helps properly utilize fats, carbohydrates and proteins. Helps relieve irritability. Improves concentration, memory and balance.
Deficiency - may cause Pernicious anemia, neurological disorders.
Causes of Depletion - Laxatives, alcohol, antibiotics, aspirin, diuretics, antacids, tobacco, caffeine, estrogen, sleeping pills, contraceptives, intestinal parasites, cooking. US RDA - Daily Values 6 milligrams (mg)
Best food sources - Fish, liver, lean meat, milk


BIOTIN
(Vitamin H)

Water soluble, sulfur containing member of B-complex family. Can be synthesized by intestinal bacteria.
Benefits - Essential for normal metabolism of fat and protein. Essential for proper body chemistry. Aids in preventing graying hair. Helps in preventive treatment for baldness. Helps ease muscle pains. Alleviates eczema and dermatitis
Deficiency - may cause Eczema of face and body, extreme exhaustion, impairment of fat metabolism, anorexia, alopecia, depression, insomnia.
Causes of depletion - Alcohol, coffee, raw egg whites, antibiotics
US RDA - Daily Values 300 micrograms (mcg)
Best food sources - Egg yolk, green leafy vegetables, milk, liver, kidney


CHOLINE

Water soluble, a member of B-complex family, and a lipotropic (fat emulsifier). Synergistic with- Vitamin A, B-Complex, Inositol, Folic acid
Benefits - Helps control cholesterol buildup. Aids in the sending of nerve impulses, specifically those in the brain used in the formation of memory. Assists in conquering the problem of memory loss in later years. Aids in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Helps eliminate poisons and drugs from your system by aiding the liver.
Deficiency - May result in cirrhosis and fatty degeneration of liver, hardening of arteries, and possibly Alzheimer's disease, growth problems, impaired kidney function Causes of depletion - Alcohol, coffee, sugar
Best food sources - Yeast, eggs, fish, lecithin, wheat germ, organ meats, soy


FOLIC ACID
(Folacin, Folate)

Water soluble, another member of the B-complex family. Also referred to as B-9 or vitamin M. Synergistic with - Vitamin C, B-6, B-12, Niacin
Benefits - Important for the production of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA). Essential for division of body cells, Needed for utilization of sugar and amino acids. Protects against intestinal parasites and food poisoning. Acts as an analgesic for pain. Helps prevent birth defects. Helps ward off anemia. Improves lactation.
Deficiency - may cause Impaired cell division, anemia, diarrhea, bleeding gums, weight loss, gastrointestinal upsets, irritability, pale tongue
Causes of depletion - Alcohol, oral contraceptives, tobacco, sulfa drugs, stress
US RDA - Daily Values 400 micrograms (mcg)
Best food sources - Yeast, green leafy vegetables, meats


INOSITOL

Water soluble, a member of the B-complex family Synergistic with - B-Complex,B-12, Choline
Benefits - Aids in redistribution of body fat. Promotes healthy hair - aids in preventing fallout. Helps in preventing eczema. Produces a calming effect. Helps lower cholesterol levels.
Deficiency - may cause Eczema, hair loss, constipation, eye abnormalities, high cholesterol
Causes of depletion - Alcohol, coffee
Best food sources - Molasses, yeast, lecithin, fruits, nuts, meat, milk


VITAMIN C
(Ascorbic Acid)

Water soluble. Synergistic with - Vitamin A, B-6, Pantothenic acid
Benefits - Has a primary role in the formation of collagen, which is important for the growth and repair of body tissue cells, gums, blood vessels, bones, and teeth. Heals wounds, burns and bleeding gums. Can help accelerate healing after surgery. Aids in preventing many types of viral and bacterial infections and generally strengthens the immune system. Offers protection against cancer-producing agents. Helps counteract the formation of nitrosamines (cancer-causing substances). Lowers incidence of blood clots in veins. Aids in treatment and prevention of the common cold. Prevents scurvy. Recommended as a preventive for SIDS.
Deficiency - may cause Bleeding gums, easy bruising. slow healing, aching joints. Causes of Depletion - Alcohol, air pollution, cigarette smoking, birth control pills, antibiotics, stress, aspirin, pain killers, diuretics, cortisone.
US RDA - Daily Values 60 milligrams (mg)
Best food sources - Citrus fruits, berries, cabbage, vegetables, tomatoes

BIOFLAVONOIDS
( Rutin, Hesperidin)

Water soluble, composed of citrin, rutin, hesperidin, as well as flavones and flavonals. Sometimes referred to as Vitamin P. Synergistic with - Vitamin C
Benefits - Prevents vitamin C from being destroyed by oxidation. Strengthens the walls of capillaries, thereby preventing bruising. Helps build resistance to infection, Aids in preventing and healing bleeding gums. Anti-inflammatory, natural diuretic. Increases the effectiveness of vitamin C. Helps in the treatment of edema and dizziness due to disease of the inner ear.
Deficiency - may cause Capillary fragility, colds, eczema
Causes of Depletion - Smoking, aspirin, alcohol, antibiotics, cortisone, pain killers, tobacco Best food sources Skin and pulp of fruits, especially citrus fruits

 

PROANTHOCYANIDIN
(Pycnogenol)

Proanthocyanidin (pine bark extract) is the main compound used in Pycnogenol. Proanthocyanidin is a naturally occurring bioflavonoid in a wide variety of plants, however the main two sources are from pine bark extract (Pycnogenol), and grape seed extract. Proanthocyanidin is a unique flavonol and an extremely powerful antioxidant, that is 50 times more potent than vitamin E and 20 times more potent than vitamin C. It helps protect and boost the effectiveness of other nutrients so they work better.
Benefits - Reduces risk of: Heart disease, cancer, accelerated aging. oxidative stress, arthritis and more than 70 other radical-related diseases. Strengthens blood vessels and reduces capillary fragility, reduces bruising, reduces the severity of sports injuries, reduces varicose veins, reduces edema and the swelling of the legs, treats chronic venous insufficiency, reduces risk of phlebitis. Improves red-blood-cell membrane flexibility. Improves skin elasticity and smoothness. Protects against sun damage. Effective against psoriasis. Very effective against hay fever. Helps reduce inflammation. Improves joint flexibility. Reduces the pain due to swollen joints. Reduces diabetic retinopathy. Enhances immune response. Reduces frequency and severity of colds. Reduces retinopathies. Helps prevent capillary bleeding, floaters, Penetrates the blood brain barrier. Helps with Alzheimer's. Reduces risk of Parkinson's. Acts against stomach ulcers and inflammation.
Deficiency - may cause Many diseases are related to free radical damage.

The benefits listed have been documented in the research of Dr. Richard Passwater, Dr. Jacques Masquelier. Dr. Morton Walker, the Pasteur and Huntington institutes and seven other leading Universities in Europe.


VITAMIN D
(Calciferol, Visterol, Ergosterol, "Sunshine Vitamin")

Fat soluble. Acquired through sunlight or diet. After suntan is established, vitamin-D production through the skin stops. Synergistic with - Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Calcium, Phosphorus
Benefits - Essential for health of glandular and nervous system. Main function is to regulate all mineral and vitamin metabolism especially calcium, phosphorus and vitamin A. Taken with vitamins A and C can help prevent colds. Very important in childhood for healthy bone formation. Healthy nervous system maintenance. Good for thyroid gland, skin, teeth and blood clotting.
Deficiency - may cause Rickets in children, bone softening in adults, insomnia, osteoporosis, tooth decay, muscle weakness, poor calcium absorption.
Causes of Depletion - Mineral oil, smog, barbiturates, Prednisone, Dilantin, sleeping pills, Cortisone, anticonvulsant.
US RDA - Daily Values 400 International Units Best food sources Milk, cod liver oil, tuna, salmon oil, eggs

VITAMIN E
(Tocopherol)

Fat soluble and stored in organs & fatty tissues. 60 to 70 percent of daily doses are excreted in feces. Unlike other fat soluble vitamins, E is stored in the body for a relatively short period time. One of the anti-oxidant vitamins. Synergistic with - Vitamin C, B-12, Manganese, Selenium
Benefits - Slows aging, protects red blood cells. Prevents blood clots. Supplies oxygen to the body to give you more endurance. Aids in prevention of miscarriages. Plays at essential role in cellular respiration of all muscles, especially cardiac and skeletal muscles. Maintains healthy muscles and nerves. Good for hair and skin. Helps with burns and scars. Protects lungs against air pollution by working with vitamin A. CAUTION: You should not take iron at the same time as vitamin E.
Deficiency - may cause Destruction of red blood cells, muscle degeneration, some anemias and reproductive disorders, dry dull hair, sterility, miscarriages, heart disease, enlarged prostate.
Causes of Depletion - Estrogen, birth control pills, chlorine, mineral oil, heat, food processing , inorganic iron, rancid fat, air pollution. Zinc is necessary to maintain proper levels of vitamin E in the blood.
US RDA - Daily Values 30 International Units
Best food sources - Vegetable oil, grains, wheat germ, lettuce


VITAMIN K
(Menadione)


Fat soluble. Made by intestinal bacteria.
Benefits - Helps in preventing internal bleeding and hemorrhages. Promotes. proper blood clotting. Aids in reducing excessive menstrual flow. May play a role in bone formation and help prevent osteoporosis. Necessary for normal liver functioning.
Deficiency - may cause Tendency to hemorrhage resulting from prolonged blood clotting time, intestinal malabsorption, nose bleeding, miscarriage, diarrhea, cellular disease.
Causes of depletion - Aspirin, antibiotics, mineral oil, rancid fats, X-ray therapy
US RDA - Daily Values 80 micrograms (mcg)

References:: (from various sources - personal readings & studies, Dr. Benjamin Baechler, Eniva Corp., news reports, journals etc,)

Thiamin - Abbas ZG and Swai ABM. Evaluation of the efficacy of thiamin and pyridoxine in the treatment of symptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathy. East Afr Med J. 74: 803-808. 1997.
Akpan T, et al. Right heart failure caused by thiamin deficiency. Press Med. 29(5): 240-1. Feb. 12 2000.
Anon: Lactic acidosis traced to thiamin deficiency related to nationwide shortage of multivitamins for total parenteral nutrition - United States 1997. JAMA. 278:109-111. 1997.
Blass JP, Gleason P, Brush D, et al. Thiamin and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Study. Archives of Neurology. 45: 833-835. 1988.
Mar, Leslie D. and Gheorghiade M. Is there a role for thiamin supplementation in the management of heart failure? American Heart Journal. 131: 1248-1250. 1996.
Marks BD, Marks AD, and CM Smith. Basic Medical Biochemistry: A Clinical Approach. Lippincot Williams and Wilkins. Philadelphia. 1996.
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Murray, Frank. Bone Up on B Vitamins: Part One. Better Nutrition. 51(10). October, 1989.
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Wodak, Alex. Thiamin Fortification in Alcohol. The Medical Journal of Australia. 152: 97-99. January 15, 1990.

Riboflavin - Ajayi OA. George BO. Ipadeola T. Clinical trial of riboflavin in sickle cell disease. East African Medical Journal. 70(7):418-21, 1993 Jul.
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Arts, WFM. Scholte HR, Bogaard JM, et al. NADH-CoQ reductase deficient myopathy: successful treatment with riboflavin (letter). Lancet. 2:581-582. 1983.
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Niacin - Alderman JD, Pasternak RC, Sacks FM, et al. Effect of a modified, well-dash niacin regimen on serum total cholesterol, high density lipoporotein cholesterol and the cholesterol to high density lipoprotein ratio. Am. J. Cardiol. 64: 725-729. 1989.
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